• Cedar (Thuja spp.)
• Cypress (Chamaecyparis spp.)
• Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga spp.)
• Fir (Abies spp.)
• Hemlock (Tsuga spp.)
• Juniper (Juniperus spp.)
• Larch (Larix spp.)
• Pine (Pinus spp.)
• Spruce (Picea spp.)

Conifers are collectively referred to as softwoods, and botanists classify them as gymnosperms. The word gymnosperm, from the Greek gymnos (naked) and sperma (seed), means "naked seed". This refers to the fact that conifer seeds are not contained in fruit tissue like apple seeds are, for example. Instead, the seeds are borne on scales, which are grouped together to form cones, hence the name conifer, or cone bearing. Conifers generally have persistent foliage consisting of needles or scales. However, as with any biological classification, exceptions do exist.

• Alder (Alnus spp.)
• Ash (Fraxinus spp.)
• Basswood (Tilia spp.)
• Beech (Fagus spp.)
• Birch (Betula spp.)
• Cherry (Prunus spp.)
• Elm (Ulmus spp.)
• Hickory (Carya spp.)
• Maple (Acer spp.)
• Oak (Quercus spp.)
• Poplar (Populus spp.)
• Walnut (Juglans spp.)

Deciduous trees are collectively referred to as hardwoods and botanists classify them as angiosperms. The term comes from the Greek angion (vessel) and sperma (seed).To give an example, the seeds of an apple tree are carried in the fruit. Deciduous trees shed their leaves in autumn. They account for the majority of forest tree species in Canada.